Illustration of the first neuropathologically confirmed case of late or chronic meningovascular neuroborreliosis, which is the example of secondary parenchymatous tertiary form of the disease. - Chronic meningitis, Heubner's arteritis and secondary cerebral infarcts were observed at autopsy in a patients with clinically and serologically confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis  (Miklossy et al., 1990, Kuntzer et al., 1991).

The diagnosis was based on the clinical and pathological findings, positive serology for Borrelia burgdorferi,  intrathecal production of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, and on the presence of silver-stained spirochetes morphologically compatible with Borrelia (Miklossy et al., 1990, Kuntzer et al., 1991).