In late stages of general paresis the primary motor cortex is also involved. If AD is a neurospirochetosis, one should find primary motor cortex involvement in advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease as well.


Pyramidal involvement, as the denominations of the disease also indicates, is known to occur in general paresis or dementia paralytica. The primary motor cortex was thought to be spared in AD. The results of a morphometric analysis of 29 brains, including AD cases and controls showed that the primary motor cortex is severely affected in late, terminal stages of AD (Suva et al., 1999; Suva, 2001; Miklossy et al., 2003).